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Subaru Missing and All of a Sudden Runs Fine for a Short Time Then Misses Again

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1980-2008 rallying team, three-time winner of the Globe Rally Championship for Manufacturers

Subaru
Subaru World Rally Team logo.svg
Full name Subaru Globe Rally Squad
Base England Banbury, England
Team primary(south) David Richards[1]
Technical director Richard Taylor[ane]
Drivers Norway Petter Solberg
Australia Chris Atkinson
Co-drivers United Kingdom Phil Mills
Belgium Stéphane Prévot
Chassis Subaru Legacy
Subaru Impreza
Tyres Pirelli
World Rally Championship career
Debut 1990 Safari Rally
Terminal result 2008 Wales Rally GB
Constructors' Championships three (1995, 1996, 1997)
Drivers' Championships 3 (1995, 2001, 2003)
Rally wins 47

The Subaru World Rally Team (SWRT) was Subaru'due south World Rally Championship (WRC) team. It used a distinctive blue with yellowish colour scheme that is a throwback to the sponsorship bargain with Country Limited 555, a BAT cigarette brand pop in Asia.[two] 555 logos were plant on Subaru cars from 1993 to 2003,[2] although less prevalent since 1999 due to BAT's participation in Formula One with British American Racing. Subaru's WRC efforts date dorsum to 1980, even so, in 1989 British house Prodrive took over its operations, and its base moved from Nihon to Banbury, England.[2] [three]

Subaru used the team to showcase its symmetrical all wheel drive technology.[4] It has credited the increased sales of its vehicles, specially the Subaru Impreza, with its success in the World Rally Title, in improver to popularizing its all-bike-drive organisation.[five] [six] [7]

Its 2008 season drivers were Petter Solberg with co-commuter Phil Mills, and Chris Atkinson with co-driver Stéphane Prévot. David Richards was the team's Principal, and a founder and chairman of Prodrive.[1] Paul Howarth was the team'due south operations managing director and team director. He replaced David Lapworth in 2006.[1] [8] [9] Richard Taylor was the squad's managing managing director.[1]

The team was a strong one, competing at the elevation of the WRC for over a decade. It won the manufacturers' championship three times in 1995, 1996, and 1997, and the drivers' championship three times, in 1995, 2001, and 2003. Its Impreza model won a record 46 rallies.[10] The team withdrew from WRC contest at the finish of the 2008 flavour due to widespread economical downturn.[11]

Racing history [edit]

Although Subaru had participated in the World Rally Title at various times since 1980, information technology was non until September 1989, that the Subaru World Rally Team, in its electric current form, was created.[12] Subaru Tecnica International (STi) president Ryuichiro Kuze forged a partnership with the British firm Prodrive to prepare and enter the recently introduced Legacy RS in the World Rally Title.[3]

1980–1989 [edit]

Subaru'due south initial forays into the World Rally Championship were with Subaru Rally Team Nihon, run by Noriyuki Koseki, the founder of Subaru Tecnica International.[13] The kickoff Subaru car entered a world rally at the 1980 Safari Rally and since that, the team only participated in a few events per flavor, driving the Subaru Leone.[14] Drivers in the early on years included Ari Vatanen, Per Eklund, Shekhar Mehta, Mike Kirkland, Possum Bourne, and Harald Demuth.[2] The all-time result and only podium was achieved by Bourne at the 1987 Rally New Zealand by finishing third. With the outset of the Prodrive effort, the teams competed in parallel, earlier being folded into each other.[13]

1990–1992 [edit]

Subaru entered its kickoff Prodrive adult car, the Grouping A Subaru Legacy RS in the 1990 season, piloted by Finnish driver Markku Alén.[15] Alen remained with the team through the 1991 flavour. His successes included 4th place in the 1990 Rally Republic of finland, as well known as the m Lakes Rally, and in 1991, a 3rd and two 4th places.[xv] For the 1992 season, Subaru only entered seven of the fourteen WRC events, preferring to demonstrate the automobile's ability on gravel rallies. The drivers for 1992 were Finn Ari Vatanen with co-driver Bruno Berglund and Scotsman Colin McRae with co-commuter Derek Ringer.[3] Both drivers were able to achieve second-place finishes.[3] Colin McRae besides won the British Rally Championship in 1991 and 1992.

1993 [edit]

1993 Legacy RS in 555 livery

For the 1993 Earth Rally Championship season, the Subaru squad debuted its now distinctive bluish and yellowish colour scheme, along with a new title sponsor, Country Express 555.[xvi] Ari Vatanen and Colin McRae remained the master drivers, with the flavour being McRae's first consummate year of Earth Rally Title contest.[sixteen] Markku Alén, returned part-time to the team after a brief stint at Toyota in 1992, and took 4th for Subaru in Portugal.[15] McRae took the first win for Subaru, at the eighth event of the season, Rally New Zealand, the last outing for the Grouping A Subaru Legacy rally cars.[sixteen] [17] At the next upshot, Rally Finland, Subaru debuted their new Prodrive developed Grouping A Impreza rally machine, known as the Impreza 555, driven by Vatanen and Alén.[18] [19] Alén crashed on the first phase, and did non bulldoze for Subaru again. Vatanen, even so, showed the car to be quick, even leading the rally at ane indicate, and managing a second-place finish.[16] At the end of the season, Vatanen took seventh in the Drivers' Title, and Colin McRae finished in fifth with 50.[16] Subaru finished third in the Manufacturers' Title.[sixteen] Other drivers also competed for the Subaru team at selected events. New Zealand driver Possum Bourne, veteran of Subaru's early days, joined the team for the Rally New Zealand and Rally Australia.[16] Piero Liatti competed in Rallye Sanremo and Rally Great United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. Drivers Richard Burns and Alister McRae had competed in the British Title, which Burns won, and appeared once more in Legacies for Rally Bully U.k.,[16] where Burns finished seventh and McRae tenth. Drivers Per Eklund and Hannu Mikkola drove for the team in Rally Sweden.[xvi]

1994–1995 [edit]

In 1994, former World Rally Drivers' Champion Carlos Sainz joined the team with co-commuter Luis Moya, and took the Impreza 555 to its outset win at the Acropolis Rally in Greece.[20] [21] It after took wins in New Zealand and Great britain with McRae at the bicycle.[16] [17] In the Title for Manufacturers, they achieved a 2nd-identify finish, backside Toyota, with Sainz placing second in the driver'south title, and McRae placing fourth.[21] Other drivers for the Subaru team in 1994 included Patrick Njiru, competing in the Safari Rally, Richard Burns in the Safari Rally and Rally Nifty Britain, Possum Bourne in New Zealand, and Piero Liatti at Rallye Sanremo.[16] [21]

For the 1995 flavor, the primary drivers remained Sainz in the number 5 car and McRae in the number 4 car. Sainz won the season opening round at the Rallye Monte Carlo, while McRae crashed out of the event.[22] At Rally Sweden, Sainz, McRae, and tertiary driver Mats Jonsson all retired with engine trouble.[23] Sainz won once more at the Rally Portugal, while McRae finished in third place.[24] At the Rallye de France, Sainz, McRae, and third driver Piero Liatti finished in the fourth, 5th, and sixth places respectively.[25] At Rally New Zealand, McRae took his first win of the season.[26] Other drivers for the team included Possum Bourne, who finished in 7th place, and Richard Burns who retired with a mechanical failure.[26] At the Rally Australia, McRae took second place.[27] Sainz retired later on his radiator failed, while third driver Bourne retired later on an accident.[27] At the Rallye Catalunya, Subaru locked out the podium with a 1–2–3 finish.[28] Sainz took commencement, McRae took second, and third driver Piero Liatti finished third.[28] Sainz's kickoff-place finish in Catalunya left he and McRae tied for points going into the last issue of the flavor, the RAC Rally of Great U.k..[29] McRae won out, taking commencement place at his home result, clinching his commencement and merely Driver's Championship, a starting time for the Subaru team.[16] [17] Sainz finished shut backside in second identify, giving him second in the Championship, and third driver Richard Burns finished in tertiary place, giving the squad a second sequent 1–two–3 finish.[16] [29] Between McRae and Sainz the team managed to win v of the season'southward eight rallies for Subaru, winning the team its first Constructors Championship.[16] [17] [30] At the end of the season, Sainz left Subaru to join Ford World Rallye Sport.[31]

1996 [edit]

Colin McRae'south 1996 Impreza 555

For the 1996 World Rally Championship season, Colin McRae was once again the lead commuter for Subaru.[16] Following his 1995 Championship victory, his Impreza 555 wore the #ane plate.[31] He was joined by team drivers Kenneth Eriksson, in the #2 auto, and Piero Liatti, with their co-drivers, Staffan Parmander and Mario Ferfoglia, respectively.[xvi] [31] At the first outcome of the season, Rally Sweden, McRae took third, Eriksson took fifth, and Liatti took twelfth.[32] 1994 World Drivers' Champion Didier Auriol besides drove for the Subaru team in Sweden, taking his #3 car to tenth place.[32] At the second round, the Safari Rally, Liatti'southward number was changed from #10 to #3.[33] He took 5th place.[33] McRae took quaternary while Eriksson took second.[33] At the Rally Indonesia, Liatti finished in second place, while McRae and Eriksson both retired following accidents.[34] McRae's first victory of the flavor was at the Acropolis Rally, the quaternary round of the title.[16] [35] Liatti and Erikkson placed quaternary and fifth respectively.[35] Eriksson took tertiary and Liatti 5th at Rally Argentina.[36] McRae crashed out of Rally Argentina and the following event, Rally Finland.[36] [37] Liatti didn't compete in Finland, though Eriksson managed to finish in 5th place.[37] McRae, Eriksson, and Liatti finished 4th, 2nd, and 7th respectively at Rally Australia.[38] In Sanremo, McRae took victory, with Eriksson finishing in fifth.[16] [39] Liatti retired following an electric failure.[39] At the last round of the flavor, Rallye Catalunya, McRae took a second consecutive victory.[xvi] [40] Subaru took a 1–2 finish with Liatti finishing 2nd.[40] Eriksson finished in 7th position.[40] Thanks to consistent podium finishes, Subaru successfully defended its Constructors' Championship, but McRae lost the Driver's Championship to Tommi Makinen.[16] [17]

1997–1998 [edit]

For 1997, McRae again led the team, still his co-driver Derek Ringer was replaced by Welshman Nicky Grist.[41] Secondary commuter/co-driver teams included Piero Liatti/Fabrizia Pons (get-go in Monte Carlo), Olivier Burri/Christophe Hofmann and Kenneth Eriksson/Staffan Parmander (get-go in Sweden and New Zealand).[41] Once more the squad successfully defended its Constructors Title, winning eight victories out of the fourteen rallies, but McRae again lost the Commuter's Title to Tommi Makinen, this fourth dimension by just i point.[17] [41]

In 1998 the team had an almost unchanged line-up, although Jahu Kangas/Pentti Kuukkala and Jarno Kytölehto/Arto Kapanen participated in one round each.[41] McRae took wins in Portugal, Corsica and Greece. However, bad weather and mechanical failures hurt the team, and Subaru and McRae finished 3rd in their respective championships.[41] At the end of the season, McRae left the squad to bring together Ford, with the tantalizing prospect of driving their brand-new motorcar, the Ford Focus WRC.[17]

1999–2001 [edit]

Subaru had an all new line upwardly for the 1999 season, with the nominated driver/co-driver teams of Richard Burns/Robert Reid, Juha Kankkunen/Juha Repo, and third team of Bruno Thiry/Stéphane Prévot.[42] [43] [44] The new motorcar, the WRC99, featured an electronically controlled Paddle shifter with a bulldoze-by-wire throttle. Due to technical difficulties, the squad struggled until the season's 7th circular in Argentina.[44] From at that place on, the teams earned the podium in vii out of eight events, with five wins, 3 of which were i–2 finishes.[44] Subaru finished second in the Manufacturers' Title, just 4 points backside Toyota. Burns scored victories in Greece, Australia, and Wales, for second place and Kankkunen took fourth in the Drivers' Championship, with wins in Argentine republic and Finland.[44]

Burns and Kankkunen continued to drive for Subaru for the 2000 season, with Petter Solberg joining the team halfway through the flavour, driving in the Rallye de France.[45] [46] [47] [48] The team finished third in the championship, and Burns took 2d in the Drivers' Championship for the 2d twelvemonth in a row.[47]

Burns and Solberg equanimous Subaru's nominated line-upward for the 2001 season with Markko Märtin/Michael Park and Toshi Arai/Tony Sircombe competing in selected events.[47] Subaru again won the Commuter's Championships in 2001 with Richard Burns and co-driver Robert Reid. Burns left Subaru for Peugeot at the end of the 2001 season.[47]

2002–2003 [edit]

For the 2002 season, Burns was replaced by Tommi Mäkinen and co-driver Kaj Lindström. Petter Solberg continued with the squad, and Pasi Hagstrom was the team'due south test commuter.[49] [50] Following the October 2001 signing of 4 time driver's Title winner Mäkinen, expectations for the squad ran high.[50] However, later on a season opening win in Monte Carlo, he was only able to stop five more events during the entire flavor.[50] [51] [52] His teammate, Solberg fared much better, finishing ix events, five of which were podium finishes, including his first always WRC win, at Rally Not bad United kingdom, the season'southward last round.[l] The win propelled him past Ford's Carlos Sainz into 2nd in the Drivers' Championship.[l]

For the 2003 flavor, the commuter line-up remained unchanged from the previous year. Solberg collection the #7 auto, Mäkinen the #8 auto. The season got off to a poor start, with neither driver finishing the Rallye Monte Carlo.[53] Solberg then scored iv outright wins, in Cyprus, Australia, France, and finished the season with his second straight win in Britain, securing him the Driver's Championship for himself and co-commuter Phil Mills, narrowly beating Sébastien Loeb by i point.[54] [53] [55] The team just managed to achieve third place in the manufacturers' championship, browbeaten past Citroën and Peugeot.[53] [56] At the cease of the season, Tommi Mäkinen retired from the WRC.[51]

2004–2005 [edit]

Subaru Impreza WRC2005 being driven by Petter Solberg at the Cyprus Rally

For the 2004 season, it was originally planned that Solberg would be partnered with the returning Richard Burns. However the Englishman would never become to return to the team because of a brain tumour he developed in late 2003, and would somewhen pass abroad because of cancer in November 2005. Guy Wilks was also approached to join the team for the 2004 season, just missed out on this opportunity as he was under contract to Suzuki. Solberg was therefore joined past Finnish driver Mikko Hirvonen and his co-driver Jarmo Lehtinen.[57] Subaru managed to consolidate third place in the Manufacturer'southward Championship once again, while Solberg was second in the Driver's Championship, winning 5 of the season's rallies: New Zealand, Greece, Japan, Italy and a third sequent win at Rally Wales.[46] Hirvonen ended the season in seventh place, failing to impress the Subaru team direction.[57] He was not re-signed for the 2005 season.[58]

In 2005, Petter Solberg again led the team in the #v car, while Hirvonen was replaced by Chris Atkinson in the #6 car. The immature Australian debuted with the Uddeholm Swedish Rally, and finished third at Rally Nihon.[59] Petter Solberg accomplished back-to-back victories in Mexico and Sweden, early in the flavor.[sixty] [61] He finished the season behind Sébastien Loeb, tied for second identify with Marcus Grönholm.[58] In the Manufacturer's championship, Subaru simply managed to end quaternary overall, ahead of Mitsubishi and Skoda.[62]

2006 [edit]

Petter Solberg again led the team throughout the 2006 flavor, with the 2nd motorcar piloted by Chris Atkinson and co-driver Glenn MacNeall on gravel events, while on tarmac events, information technology was driven past ex-Formula One driver Stéphane Sarrazin.[63] The WRC2006 had several changes from the previous twelvemonth's machine due to rule changes which banned agile differentials besides as water injection, as well every bit mandating that teams must re-employ cars and engines on selected 'pairs' of events.[64] [65] Due to the rule changes, the motorcar was introduced on the first circular of the season.[63] [64]

Subaru'southward flavor got off to a poor start, with Solberg unable to score in the get-go ii rallies due to mechanical failures.[66] Due to the teams lacklustre performance, after a decade of running the team, squad dominate David Lapworth was replaced by Paul Howarth.[8] [66] Non until the third rally of the season, Rally Mexico, would Petter manage to score, achieving a 2nd-identify cease.[67] He picked up some other second-identify finish at Rally Argentina, and again at Rally Australia.[68] The team finished the season in third identify in the manufacturer's championship, while Solberg finished in sixth identify in the commuter's championship.[69] [70] All the same, the squad was not able to achieve a single win, and achieved podium results only iv times.[seventy] Subaru's 2006 flavor was characterized as disappointing, and was the field of study of a Discovery Channel series called Engineering science the World Rally.[viii] [71] [72] [73] In the plan, Subaru's dismal season was described as 'The Flavor from Hell'.

2007 [edit]

Solberg'south WRC2007 at Rally GB

Solberg again led the team for the 2007 season, driving the #7 Impreza. Sarrazin left the team, leaving Chris Atkinson equally the single number ii driver, piloting the #8 car.[74] Atkinson managed to grab fourth place at the flavour opening result in Monte Carlo, after passing the works Ford of Mikko Hirvonen.[59] At the 2007 Rally Portugal, Solberg came in 2d, post-obit the Ford cars' disqualification due to the glass in their rear windows being too thin. Post-obit the rally, Atkinson's co-commuter, Glenn MacNeall, elected to leave the team, and was replaced by Stéphane Prévot, who had previously been with the team as co-driver for Bruno Thiry.[75] [76] At the 2007 Acropolis Rally Solberg managed to achieve a podium position.[77]

After the summer break, the team was joined at the 2007 Rally Finland past Xavier Pons and co-driver Xavier Amigo, driving a third car, #25, non nominated for manufacturer points.[78] Notwithstanding, in the rally, Solberg had to retire on solar day two, after monstrous handling and steering bug which the team engineers were unable to deal with.[79] [80] Solberg finished fifth in Ireland, calling it "the most difficult rally he has e'er washed."[81] At the last consequence of the season, Wales Rally GB, Solberg won the battle for 4th with Dani Sordo, propelling Subaru to third place in the manufacturer'due south standings.[82] In the commuter's championship, Solberg came in 5th, while Atkinson took 7th.[83] Richard Taylor chosen the season a "poor" one, with Subaru only achieving two podium finishes, and no overall wins for the 2nd yr in a row.[71] [83] Phil Mills called it the "2d season from hell."[84]

2008 [edit]

Petter Solberg and Chris Atkinson continued with the team through the 2008 season.[46] [59] Xavier Pons left the team.[85] [86] With the FIA mandated switch to Pirelli tires, tyre mousse had been banned, and fewer compounds were available.[87] [88]

At the first rally of the season, the 2008 Monte Carlo Rally, Atkinson scored his beginning podium finish on tarmac, afterwards a shut battle with François Duval while Solberg finished in fifth.[86] [89] In the 2008 Swedish Rally, Solberg finished in fourth identify while Atkinson finished in 21st position following a spin on Special Stage 3, which cost him over 15 minutes.[46] [90] [91] Immediately after the Swedish Rally, the squad completed a gravel test in Spain, in grooming for Rally Mexico, the last examination using the WRC2007 automobile.[92] At the 2008 Rally Mexico, Atkinson placed second, his best always issue.[93] Solberg was forced to retire on the second day after a driveshaft failure to his front left bike. He continued nether SupeRally rules on Sunday, finishing twelfth.[93] [94] Going into the concluding day of the 2008 Rally Argentina, Solberg and Atkinson were comfortably in second and 3rd position, poised to put two cars on the podium, a feat Subaru has non accomplished in several years.[95] [96] [97] Even so, on Special Stage 19, Petter's auto suffered an electric failure, forcing him to retire.[96] [98] Atkinson inherited Solberg's position, and achieved a second-identify finish for the 2nd consecutive time.[99] [97] [100] At the 2008 Hashemite kingdom of jordan Rally, on SS6, Solberg'south retired later his Impreza suffered from a damper failure, which then spilled oil, lighting a burn down under the hood of the car.[101] Solberg restarted nether SupeRally rules on Saturday, but crashed on the day's final phase subsequently brake bug.[102] [103] Atkinson managed to secure a third podium in a row, following the pause failure of Latvala, and the retirements of Solberg and Loeb.[102] [103]

Withdrawal from WRC [edit]

On 16 December 2008, it was announced that Subaru would no longer be competing in the World Rally Championships.[104] The conclusion was taken past Subaru's parent company, Fuji Heavy Industries (FHI), partly as a result of the economic downturn but also because it was felt Subaru had accomplished its sporting and marketing objectives. Ikuo Mori denied that alterations to the WRC technical regulations in 2010 or a rumoured deterioration in the working relationship with Prodrive had any impact on the conclusion. He also said that the possibility of a Subaru car dorsum in the top category of WRC in the future is not zero, but recent events take cited that Subaru will exist making a return to WRC.[105]

Vehicle development [edit]

Group A Leone, 1980–1989 [edit]

As Subaru Rally Squad Nippon, Subaru entered the first World Rally with the 2nd generation Group A Subaru Leone DL at the 1980 Safari Rally. In 1984 the model was changed to the tertiary generation Leone coupé, one year later installed with a turbo. The other model used simultaneously with the coupé turbo until 1989 was the Leone sedan RX Turbo.[106]

Group A Legacy RS, 1989–1993 [edit]

Prodrive'south vehicle development began upon the team'southward formation in September 1989, creating the Group A Subaru Legacy RS rally car, based on the road going Subaru Legacy sedan. The Legacy was powered by a longitudinally mounted boxer engine, giving it a low centre of gravity. Already equipped with a symmetrical all bike bulldoze system, information technology fabricated a good starting point for a rally auto. David Lapworth described the development of the car equally a "steep learning bend." The car lacked ability and a weak transmission and braking system also hampered the automobile.[107] To right its flaws, Prodrive completed a new auto, the 1992 Legacy RS, which featured a totally redesigned fuel injection system, during the 1991 season, introduced on the flavour'southward last rally.[3] [107] The team campaigned the 1992 Legacy during the offset part of the 1993 season, and on its concluding rally, achieved the car's first and simply win.

Subaru Impreza, 1994–2008 [edit]

Vehicle Training [edit]

Earlier each rally, each bodyshell is completely rebuilt.[iv] In 1993, each bodyshell rebuild took 160 hours.[5] In 2003 it took 650 man hours.[4] In 2006 it took 780 hours.[5]

  • Burns' WRC2001

  • Hirvonen's WRC2004

  • Atkinson'south WRC2006

  • Epitome of the WRC2008

Technical personnel [edit]

Graham Moore is the overall main engineer. Moore was a fellow member of the team from 1991 to 2002, and then rejoined the team in 2006.[108] Jonathan Carey is the principal engineer for Petter Solberg and Richard Thompson is the master engineer for Chris Atkinson.[i] Chris Wattam is the primary mechanic.[i]

Run across as well [edit]

  • David Richards
  • BP Ford World Rally Squad
  • Suzuki Earth Rally Squad
  • Citroën Total World Rally Squad

Notes [edit]

Note on vehicle nomenclature: Prodrive and Subaru accept different nomenclature for the same vehicles. In data published by the Subaru World Rally Team, for cars produced from 1997 to 2000, the car is referred to equally the WRCXX, with XX being the last two digits of the year it was produced, e.thousand. WRC99.[107] For years 2000 forward, the car is referred to as the WRCXXXX, XXXX being the twelvemonth it was produced, e.g. WRC2003.[107] Prodrive, nevertheless, refers to the cars using a different classification.[109] The earliest record of this occurred with the WRC99, which Prodrive referred to as the S5. Each following automobile got a new designation: the WRC2000 is equivalent to the S6, WRC2001 is equivalent to the S7, WRC2002 is equivalent to the S8, WRC2003 is equivalent to the S9, WRC2004 is equivalent to the S10, WRC2005 is equivalent to the S11, WRC2006 is equivalent to the S12, and the WRC2007 is equivalent to the S12b, and the WRC2008 is equivalent to the S14. The S12b Imprezas that were used in 2008 earlier the S14 came, due to some differences, are sometimes referred to as S12c; however, this nomenclature is not official.[109] [110] [111] This article will utilise the Subaru World Rally Team's nomenclature.

Sources [edit]

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External links [edit]

morrisoncarold.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaru_World_Rally_Team

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